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The State of Science Education in Africa-NASAC Science Education Programme (SEP) Survey Report

The State of Science Education in Africa
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Summary

The State of Science Education in Africa is a comprehensive report by the Network of African Science Academies (NASAC) that examines the current landscape of science education across the continent. Based on a survey conducted between November 2020 and February 2021, the booklet provides an in-depth analysis of the availability, methodologies, and challenges of STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) education in African secondary schools. It highlights key findings, including the state of laboratory facilities, teacher qualifications, and the integration of sustainable development goals (SDGs) into curricula.

With practical recommendations for improving science education, the report emphasizes the importance of inquiry-based science education (IBSE), ICT integration, and enhanced collaboration among scientists, educators, and policymakers. This booklet serves as a valuable resource for stakeholders committed to transforming science education and achieving sustainable development across Africa.

Key Findings

  1. Survey Coverage: Responses were collected from 24 schools in five countries—Benin, Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa, and Tanzania.
  2. Teacher Qualifications: Most schools reported having science teachers with undergraduate degrees, with one school employing a doctorate holder. However, only 47.6% of schools supported in-service teacher training.
  3. Laboratory Facilities: While 92% of schools had science laboratories, only 82% were adequately equipped with materials for practical lessons, highlighting the need to improve resources for hands-on learning.
  4. Teaching Methods: Schools predominantly favored theoretical or combined theoretical-practical teaching methods over IBSE.
  5. SDG Awareness: Science education related to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) was largely taught for general awareness, with 62.5% of respondents confirming this approach.

Recommendations

  • Laboratory Support: Equip and modernize existing laboratories while establishing new ones to facilitate practical science education.
  • ICT Integration: Leverage ICT to enhance learning outcomes and align with SDG4, which promotes inclusive and quality education.
  • Refined Surveys: Future surveys should narrow their scope to gather specific, actionable insights into science education.
  • STEM Advocacy: Foster collaboration among scientists, educators, and learners to strengthen links between education, research, and industry, inspiring more students to pursue STEM careers.

By addressing these gaps, African countries can bridge technological divides, enhance STEM education, and ensure the continent’s future competitiveness in the global knowledge economy.